Thursday, July 26, 2007

The Drug That Kills - Heroin

100% Pure Heroin

Pure heroin, which is a white powder with a nasty taste, is rarely sold on the streets anywhere. Most illicit heroin is a powder varying in color from white to dark brown. The differences in color are because of different dealers cutting and re cutting the drug down and most if not all the time the Heroin that is sold on the streets - when it reaches the streets is maybe 10-15% heroin. Another form of heroin, "black tar" heroin, is mostly only found in the western and southwestern United States. This heroin, which is produced in Mexico, may be sticky like marijuana or black cement, most user's prefer to smoke or inject this type of heroin.

Try It Once - Try It Always Again!

The short-term effects of abuse appear almost immediately after taking the drug. Intravenous injection provides the greatest intensity one person may ever experience in there life. ( Is it worth the risk) - No. Most main liner's or intravenous users typically experience the rush within 7 to 8 seconds after injection, while intramuscular injection produces a slower onset of this euphoric feeling, taking 5 to 8 minutes. When heroin is sniffed or smoked, the peak effects of the drug are usually felt within 10 to 15 minutes.

After repeatedly using for only a short period of time, the long-term effects of the substance begin to appear in the user. Chronic users may develop collapsed veins, infection of the heart lining and valves, abscesses, and liver disease. Additionally, pulmonary complications, including various types of pneumonia, may also result in the user.

One of the most significant side effects of heroin use is addiction. With regular heroin use, tolerance to the drug will develop. Once this happens, the abuser must use more and more to achieve the same intensity or effect that they are seeking. As higher doses of the drug are used over time, physical dependence and addiction to the drug develop.

Heroin History

Heroin was first synthesized in 1874 by C.R. Alder Wright, an English chemist working at St. Mary's Hospital Medical School in London, England. He had been experimenting with combining morphine with various acids. He boiled anhydrous morphine alkaloid with acetic anhydride over a stove for several hours and produced a more potent, acetylated form of morphine, now called diacetylmorphine.

The Danger - How Its Used

Heroin can be smoked - (not usually) , sniffed or the bad part Injected. Injection is the worst way but also the most efficient way to taker low-purity. A lot of users have the fear of infection by sharing needles, but a lot do not and continue to share needles, spreading diseases with one another and to other people as well in other forms, such as unprotected sex, and any other way of blood contact. This has made snorting and smoking the drug more common.

Are You Addicted?

Withdrawal, which in regular abusers may occur as early as a few hours after the last administration, produces drug craving, restlessness, muscle and bone pain, insomnia, diarrhea and vomiting, cold flashes with goose bumps ("cold turkey"), kicking movements ("kicking the habit"), and other symptoms. Major withdrawal symptoms peak between 48 and 72 hours after the last dose and subside after about a week. Sudden withdrawal by heavily dependent users who are in poor health is occasionally fatal, although heroin withdrawal is considered less dangerous than alcohol or barbiturate withdrawal.

Treatment

Buprenorphine - (Suboxone) is the most recent addition to the array of medications available for treating addiction to heroin and other opiates. This medication is different from methadone in that it offers less risk of addiction and can be dispensed in the privacy of a doctor's office. Several other medications for use in heroin treatment programs are also under study.

Monday, July 23, 2007

The Other Oxycontin - "Methadone"



What Methadone Is!

It is a synthetic heroin like opiod, also an known as an analgesic, and is only recommended for the chronic drug abusers and patient's with severe pain. The effective action of it remains for a long duration, most often has become a life long medication for most user's. Moreover, Methadone is also inexpensive in some parts of the country. The Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) methadone is also a Schedule II Drug.

The Danger of The Drug

Most of the time if not all Methadone is misunderstood, The drug is just as bad as heroin, most people do not understad the severity of it, Once a patient becomes an everyday user for a short period of time - (two week's) - it becomes very hard to break away and become addictive. Most people try to ween off, but are unsuccessful. Heroin: once the person is off herion and on to Methadone, it's just basicaly a switch from one drug to another. Even though it is very good to be off herion, it's not much better to be on Methadone. Once on the drug a person, in most cases becomes a life long user of the medication.

Dependence & Tolerance

The tolerance and dependence increases and a person most continue to increase there dosage as time goes on. In this aspect, it is similar to heroin. However, the tolerance factor as well as the effects (physiological) differs. Still, it has been found that it leaves no tolerance to constipation. However, the other opioids do leave tolerance effects on the patients especially with respect to constipation. Mentionably, analgesia tolerance appears in the first month after one starts taking the drug. But, tolerance to nausea, sedation and respiratory depression commences within four days after one takes such medications.

Methadone & NDMA

Physicians have discovered a close link between methadone and the user's brain receptor's, also known as NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartic acid). Methadone can even control tolerance and psychic dependence. This is possible because of its strong reaction against opioid. It is due to this reason that many patients that are taking the drug have lesser withdrawal symptoms than those who are using heroin or other opiates. Withdrawal symptoms are much stronger and more sever then any other opiate.

Meet The Marketer

The heavily abused narcotice was commercially introduced by Eli Lilly and Company, a pharmaceutical company.

Meet The Creators

German scientists Methadone Gustav Ehrhart and Max Bockmühl jointly synthesized the narcotic in 1937. They were in search of an analgesic in the Hoechst-Am-Main (IG Farben) laboratory. Their mission was to invent such an analgesic that would solve the twin problems faced by surgeons during surgical operations.

Solving The Surgreons Problem

Surgeries were a big problem back then with the analgesics of use, due to high addiction rate after the procedure. So, both the German scientists found out that synthetic analgesic which would have low addiction effects on the patients and also would be easier to use. They called it Polamidon or Hoechst 10820.

There Rights as Legal Drug Dealers

September 11, 1941 the to scientest filed for patent rights. The structure of this invention was totally different from and least connected with the opioid alkaloids or morphine. Nonetheless, methadone brings about the same types of effects as heroin or morphine. This is because methadone acts on the opioid receptors. Among the opioids.

American History - The Disaster

Americans came to know methadone as a life saver in 1947, courtesy of Eli Lilly and Company. It then rechristened Polamidon or Hoechst 10820 (methadone) as Dolophine. It was under this registered name that methadone was subsequently registered to Roxane Laboratories. Incidentally, the term ‘Dolophine’ has its roots in the German word Dolphium. The Latin word dolor means ‘pain’ while phine means ‘end’. In the USA, Dolophine (Methadone) was first manufactured by the St. Louis-based Mallinckrodt pharmaceuticals. It is a subsidiary of the Tyco International Corporation. Mallinckrodt enjoyed the patent up to the early part of the 1990s. It still remains the major manufacturer of methadone. The producers of methadone generic preparations also collect their bulk consignments from Mallinckrodt. Nonetheless, many other pharmaceutical companies also produce and distribute methadone today. Moreover Mallinckrodt sells its typical brand of methadone named Methadose as oral concentrate and dispersable tablets in the United States.

A Conection Between Hitler

There has been a belief that the German creators scheme the name ‘Dolophine’ as a tribute to Adolf Hitler. The Church of Scientology also buttresses this with the data that the earlier name for this synthetic analgesic was actually ‘Adolophine’ or ‘Adolphine’. To make matters worse, vocal Scientologist and actor Tom Cruise also backed the literature in 2005. He was giving an interview to the Entertainment Weekly. However, the weekly soon came out with a follow-up story which nullified the claim. It is, however, now established that the term ‘Dolophine’ was a scheme by the American wing of the Eli Lilly Corporation after the World War. What is more, the magazine put the lid on the controversy by proving that the 1970 nomenclature of ‘Adolphine’ (which wasn’t ever used for the drug) was also brought into being in the States.

The Adavantage

The low cost of the drug as well as its effectiveness over a long period of time made it rather popular too. While a 30 day dose of analgesic Demerol cost $ 155 at the end of 2006, the equivalent amount of methadone cost $20.

Relatives

There are ton's of drugs that have similar effects to methadone. They are Buprenorphine, heroin (diamorphine), ORLAM and dextropropoxyphene.
Buprenorphine and methadone are used in the UK and many other countries for the treatment of narcotic addicts. Heroin is also known as diamorphine. Many countries allow heroin to be prescribed for patients undergoing detoxification programs. Heroin is also given to patients taking treatment for many other opiate addictions.

Interestingly enough, an Austrian study shows that orally tendered morphines are more effective than its oral methadone counterpart. Patients developing immunity to many traditional detoxification programs positively respond to a combination of morphine and a low dosage of methadone.

The Abuse

The abuse of the drug it's self is very common and has become a wide spread epidemic Internationaly known by all drug users of opiates. Methadone is very easy to obtain most anywhere, and also very cheap. 10 millagrams in pill form, go for prices ranging from $5.00 - $10.00 and in most cases if a herion addict can not find a quick fix they are more likely to prefer Methadone.

Meet The Abusers

Such demands are usually from three types of people. Those addicts who had at one point of time taken methadone as a part of medical regimen may again feel a strong tendency to go for methadone. Moreover, kin of patients having methadone may fall easy prey to the synthetic drug. There can also be a demand for methadone from the habituated opioid abusers if they are unable to get hold of any other brands.

The Types
There are two types of commonly used and prescribed, pill form and liquid there also mybe some sort of patch, when the user my place on there skin some where and is some what like a nictotine patch.

The Closing Debate

There has been a growing controversy about the efficacy of methadone. This is notwithstanding its a proven track record that methadone is an opioid analgesic (nothing more then just a different form of herion). There has been a rise in the number of related deaths around the globe. Many people agree that the drug is intimately connected with the drug abusers. Above all, there has not been a single scientific report that it is an ideal medication for relieving chronic pain. One thing is for sure, though it does not possess any extra-strong pain relieving effects compared to the other opiates. It has, however, been established that it is far more dangerous than most opiates. It is for such reasons that many physicians do not encourage use and avoid prescribing at much as possible.

AUTHOR INTRODUCTION: Nilutpal Gogoi is a writer and a freelance journalist. He has published more than 1000 articles and a popular adventure book for children. For more information log on to

Wednesday, February 14, 2007



Buprenorphine


Suboxone chemical FormulaSubutex (buprenorphine hydrochloride) and Suboxone tablets (buprenorphine hydrochloride and naloxone hydrochloride) is approved for the treatment of opiate dependence. Subutex and Suboxone treat opiate addiction by preventing symptoms of withdrawal from heroin and other opiates.





Addiction medicine doctors consider heroin and opiate addiction to be a chronic disease and they treat it accordingly. Buprenorphine is a medication used to treat opioid addiction. Opioids include heroin, opium, morphine, codeine, oxycodone, and Hydrocodone. Opioids are also drugs which can be abused and lead to tolerance and dependence. Your body becomes accustomed to ever-higher amounts so that when the drug is stopped you go into withdrawal. Even after the physical phase of withdrawal is over, you still might not feel right, and may relapse just to “feel normal.”


Before Buprenorphine, there were two other medications used to treat opiate addiction: Methadone and LAAM. These medications are also long acting and work by stabilizing the brain. Methadone and LAAM are prescribed and administered in specially licensed clinics called Opioid Treatment Programs, and their use is regulated by federal and state agencies.


A Suboxone or Subutex detox treatment is best started once withdrawal has begun, and your dose is adjusted over several days. Suboxone and Subutex are given as a pill which dissolves under the tongue. After the initial level is reached, typical withdrawal symptoms normally associated with Hydrocodne, Oxycodone, Heroin and other Opiates rarely occur. When administered and monitored correctly, Suboxone and Subutex offer a fast, pain-free, withdrawal from highly addictive drugs.
Suboxone Chemical Formula





Naloxone


Subutex offers those dependent on narcotic pain killers, medicine and opiates a wide range of options, including abstinence from all forms of opiates. Subutex Treatment is provided in an Outpatient professional setting. And Subutex provides a safe, effective, and pain-free detox. Subutex and Suboxone are part a complete treatment plan that can include Behavioral Therapy, Support Groups, and Individual Counseling. For more information about Subutex or Suboxone, consult with any of the SAHHSA approved physicians in the Suboxone Directory.

Click here to find a doctor:


Suboxone® comes in tablets of 2 mg and 8 mg, but virtually no one will respond to the 2 mg dose. In general, 8 mg or 16 mg is the optimal dose. Remember, the point of maintenance treatment is for you to be comfortable and free of drug craving – not simply to stop you from feeling utterly horrible, or to control withdrawal symptoms just enough for you to white-knuckle it home. Until you feel truly okay, the dose still needs to be increased. If your doctor does not see things this way, then find another doctor.

Congress allows doctors to treat no more than 30 addicts at a time with the somewhat addictive drug, and only after they've completed an eight-hour course. In Massachusetts, 425 doctors are approved by the US Drug Enforcement Administration to prescribe Suboxone, barely enough physicians to prescribe the drug to all the heroin addicts in the Boston area alone. Doctors in other states have reported waiting lists for the drug of up to 300 addicts, while some Massachusetts doctors say they have stopped counting how many patients they turn away.

Update: On December 8, 2006, Federal legislation was passed allowing physicians to treat up to 100 opioid dependent patients with Suboxone at any given time—a significant increase from the previous limit of 30 patients.

Although Suboxone® can be used for detoxification, its intended use is for maintenance. If your doctor has a problem with the idea of maintenance, and is going to insist on detox, again – find another doctor (unless, of course, detox is your goal). The ideal candidate for maintenance treatment, in most doctors' eyes, is someone who is older, has been on drugs since early in life, has a job, has tried and failed detox, NA, rehab, and other things, and simply wants to lead an ordinary life, free from having everything center around getting and finding drugs. Many long-time druggies will be stunned at first to discover that Suboxone® is the first prescription for a controlled substance they've ever had which still has some left in it when it's time for the next prescription.

Not every doctor can prescribe Suboxone®. The doctor needs to be specially certified, and to have a special DEA number, and each doctor is only allowed to have a maximum of 30 patients on Suboxone®. Below is a link to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's (SAMHSA's) physician locator. This page will allow you to click on any State on the map and get a list of doctors in that State who are certified to prescribe Suboxone.

1-877-SUBOXONE

Drug dependence is a worldwide public health problem of which opioid dependence, notably involving heroin, is a major component. In Europe, there are an estimated 1.1 million intravenous drug users (IVDUs), of whom more than 70 percent are untreated. In some instances, IVDUs share syringes and needles, a practice that can lead to the transmission of serious blood-borne diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B and hepatitis C.

If you, a family member or a loved one is suffering from an addiction to prescription pills, heroin, morphine, or any other opiate, The Suboxone Directory can help. With listings to Government approved physicians in all 50 States, opiate detox and withdrawal doesn't have to be painful. Browse our listings, pick up the phone, and make the call. click here to find out more

SUBOXONE is the first opioid medication approved under DATA 2000 for the treatment of opioid dependence in an office-based setting. SUBOXONE also can be dispensed for take-home use, just as any other medicine for other medical conditions.

The primary active ingredient in SUBOXONE is buprenorphine.

Because buprenorphine is a partial opioid agonist opioid effects are limited compared with those produced by full opioid agonists, such as oxycodone or heroin. SUBOXONE also contains naloxone, an opioid antagonist.

The naloxone in SUBOXONE is there to discourage people from dissolving the tablet and injecting it. When SUBOXONE is placed under the tongue, as directed, very little naloxone reaches the bloodstream, so what the patient feels are the effects of the buprenorphine. However, if naloxone is injected, it can cause that person to quickly go into withdrawal.
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